In today's world, environmental pollutants are one of the biggest health challenges. While we most often hear about their effects on the respiratory or cardiovascular systems, we less often consider how they affect our eyes - the organ through which we perceive about 80% of information from the environment. Meanwhile, eye health is closely linked to the quality of air, water and soil, and pollutants can lead to serious eye problems.
One of the main factors negatively affecting our eyes is smog. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen oxides or ozone are substances that irritate the surface of the eye and interfere with tear film production. As a result, many people living in polluted cities suffer from Dry Eye Syndrome (DES), manifested by burning, itching and a feeling of sand under the eyelids.
Studies show that people exposed to long-term smog have up to a 25-30% higher risk of dry eye syndrome than those living in regions with cleaner air. Long-term exposure to pollution can also lead to conjunctival inflammation, which, if left untreated, can develop into a chronic ailment.
Air pollution can also exacerbate the effects of UV radiation on our eyes. Chemicals in smog, such as ozone, reduce protection from ultraviolet radiation, leading to a greater risk of corneal damage, cataracts or even cancerous changes on the surface of the eye. What's more, dust particles deposited on the surface of the eye can cause micro-injuries that increase susceptibility to infection.
Not only air, but also contaminated water poses a threat to the health of our eyes. Pathogens such as amoebae or bacteria found in contaminated water can lead to serious corneal infections. Contact lens wearers are particularly vulnerable, as contaminated water can settle on the surface of lenses, causing them to become contaminated.
Although the effects of pollution on eye health cannot be completely eliminated, we can take several steps to minimize its negative effects:
Our eyes are extremely sensitive to changes in the surrounding environment. In an era of increasing air, water and soil pollution, it is worth paying special attention to their protection. Regular visits to the ophthalmologist, the use of appropriate methods of prevention and care for the environment are key steps that can help us maintain healthy eyesight for years to come. Let's not forget that taking care of our planet is also taking care of ourselves.